When precision, purity, and performance come together, one titanium alloy stands out—Ti-6Al-4v ELI, commonly known as Titanium Grade 23. Recognised for its superior biocompatibility and high strength-to-weight ratio, this alloy is a top choice for critical applications in aerospace, medical, marine, and chemical industries.
But what exactly makes Grade 23 different from other Titanium Grades like Grade 5? Why is it so widely used in precision manufacturing? And where can you find titanium tubes or certified titanium fittings for your next project in India?
This comprehensive guide explores the features, applications, specifications, and sourcing insights of Ti-6Al-4v ELI (Grade 23), designed to help engineers, buyers, and manufacturers make informed decisions.
What Is Ti-6Al-4v ELI (Titanium Grade 23)?
- UNS: S46400
- AISI: 630 (Grade 23)
- ASTM: F136 / F3001 (Medical and Additive Manufacturing)
Chemical Composition of Ti-6Al-4v ELI
Element | Composition (%) |
Titanium (Ti) | Balance |
Aluminium (Al) | 5.5 – 6.5 |
Vanadium (V) | 3.5 – 4.5 |
Oxygen (O) | ≤ 0.13 |
Iron (Fe) | ≤ 0.25 |
Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.08 |
Nitrogen (N) | ≤ 0.05 |
Hydrogen (H) | ≤ 0.012 |
Mechanical Properties of Titanium Grade 23
Property | Value |
Density | 4.43 g/cm³ |
Tensile Strength | ~825–950 MPa |
Yield Strength | ~795 MPa |
Elongation at Break | ~14% |
Modulus of Elasticity | ~114 GPa |
Hardness (Rockwell C) | 34–38 |
Melting Point | 1604–1660°C |
Applications of Ti-6Al-4v ELI in Manufacturing
Why is it preferred?
- Biocompatibility: Accepted by human tissue with minimal reactions.
- Precision Machinability: Ideal for complex and delicate part production.
- Fatigue Resistance: Performs well under stress and load cycles.
Titanium Grade 23 vs Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4v)
Feature | Grade 23 (Ti-6Al-4v ELI) | Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4v) |
Oxygen Content | ~0.13% | ~0.20% |
Ductility | Higher | Moderate |
Strength | Slightly Lower | Higher |
Biocompatibility | Superior | High |
Common Use | Implants, surgical tools | Aircraft structures, marine |
Weldability | Excellent | Good |
Common Product Forms of Grade 23 Titanium
Product Form | Standard | Applications |
Titanium Round Bar | ASTM B348 | CNC machining, medical tools, aerospace |
Titanium Tubes | ASTM B338 | Surgical tubing, heat exchangers |
Titanium Fittings | ASME B16.9 / B16.11 | Corrosive fluid connections |
Titanium Plates/Sheet | ASTM B265 | Implants, casings, panels |
Heat Treatment and Machining Characteristics of Ti-6Al-4v ELI
Titanium Grade 23 can be heat-treated, enhancing its mechanical properties like corrosion resistance and toughness.
Heat Treatment Methods:
Process | Purpose |
Annealing | Relieves internal stress and improves ductility |
Solution Treating | Increases strength before ageing |
Aging | Strengthens through precipitation hardening |
Machining Tips for Ti-6Al-4v ELI:
- Use carbide-coated tools
- Maintain low speeds with high feed rates
- Apply plentiful coolant to reduce heat buildup
- Ensure a rigid tool setup to prevent vibration
Titanium Alloys Comparison Chart
Alloy | Strength (MPa) | Oxygen (%) | Use Case |
Grade 2 | ~345 | 0.18% | Heat exchangers, architecture |
Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4v) | 900–1100 | 0.20% | Aerospace, marine |
Grade 23 (ELI) | 825–950 | 0.13% | Implants, surgical, 3d printing |
15- 5ph (SS) | 1000–1100 | — | General high-strength steel parts |
Machinability and Fabrication of Ti-6Al-4v ELI
Key Machining Characteristics:
- Low thermal conductivity: Heat concentrates at the tool tip
- Work hardening: Requires sharp tools and minimal tool pressure
- Tool material: Use carbide tools with coolant lubrication
- Speeds and feeds: Low speed, moderate feed to reduce wear
Welding and Forming:
- Weldable with inert gas shielding (argon)
- Cold formable in thin sections due to ductility
- Requires clean environments to prevent contamination
Industries like aerospace and orthopaedics often partner with precision fabricators and titanium fittings exporters in India who have experience in cleanroom manufacturing and advanced CNC machining techniques, ensuring excellent corrosion resistance and high strength.
Need Titanium Fittings or Tubes?
Whether you’re a medical device manufacturer or an aerospace parts supplier, sourcing quality titanium products is crucial.
Explore certified titanium pipe manufacturers in India offering:
- Custom lengths and diameters
- Ti-6Al-4V ELI and other Titanium Alloys
- Export-ready packaging and certifications
Final Thoughts
Ti-6Al-4v ELI (Titanium Grade 23) is not just a metal—it’s a performance material engineered for precision. Its unique blend of purity, strength, and biocompatibility powers industries where failure is not an option.
From advanced surgical tools to lightweight aircraft components, Grade 23 delivers where precision meets durability. If you’re working on projects where accuracy, fatigue resistance, and clean biocompatibility are key, this alloy should be at the top of your materials list.
And for sourcing in India, always opt for reliable titanium tube suppliers and pipe manufacturers that meet international standards to ensure long-term success.